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A bearish vertical spread buying a near-ATM put at K1 and selling a lower-strike OTM put at K2 < K1 for a net debit, profiting if the stock falls toward K2.
options
speculation
bearish
vertical-spread

Bear Put Spread

Section: 2.9 | Asset Class: Options | Type: Speculation

Overview

The bear put spread is a vertical spread consisting of a long position in a close to ATM put option with strike K1, and a short position in an OTM put option with a lower strike K2 (K2 < K1). This is a net debit trade. The trader's outlook is bearish: the strategy profits if the stock price falls. This is a capital gain strategy.

Construction

  • Buy 1 put option at strike K1 (near ATM), paying debit D
  • Sell 1 put option at strike K2 (OTM lower, K2 < K1), same expiry

Net debit: D = premium paid for K1 put - premium received for K2 put

Payoff Profile

f_T = (K1 - S_T)+ - (K2 - S_T)+ - D

  • Breakeven: S* = K1 - D
  • Max profit: P_max = K1 - K2 - D (achieved when S_T <= K2)
  • Max loss: L_max = D (if S_T >= K1 at expiry)

Key Conditions / Signals

  • Moderately bearish outlook; expects stock to fall toward or below K2 by expiry
  • Prefer when implied volatility is low (cheaper debit to enter)
  • Lower cost and lower risk than buying a naked put; downside profit is capped at K2

Notes

Both profit and loss are limited. The maximum gain equals the spread width minus the net debit. Appropriate when the trader has a bearish view but wants to reduce the premium outlay compared to a simple long put.