diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 9c3b04c..7601947 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sqlalchemy
 alembic
 omegaconf
-web3>=6.11.1
+web3
 psycopg2-binary
 orjson
 sortedcontainers
@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ cachetools
 async-lru
 eth-bloom
 python-dateutil
+eth_abi
+pdpyras  # pagerduty
diff --git a/src/dexorder/alert.py b/src/dexorder/alert.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b697de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dexorder/alert.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import logging
+import socket
+
+import pdpyras
+
+from dexorder import NARG, config
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def alert(title, message, dedup_key=NARG, log_level=logging.ERROR, do_log=True):
+    if dedup_key is NARG:
+        dedup_key = str(hash(title + '|' + message))
+    if do_log:
+        msg = f'{title}: {message}'
+        log.log(log_level, msg)  # if log_level=CRITICAL for example, make sure this does not re-alert!
+    alert_pagerduty(title, message, dedup_key, log_level)
+
+
+def warningAlert(title, message, dedup_key=NARG, log_level=logging.WARNING):
+    return alert(title, message, dedup_key, log_level)
+
+
+async def spawn_alert(title, message, dedup_key):
+    alert_pagerduty(title,message,dedup_key)
+
+
+pagerduty_session = None
+hostname = None
+
+def alert_pagerduty(title, message, dedup_key, log_level):
+    if not config.pagerduty:
+        return
+    try:
+        global pagerduty_session
+        global hostname
+        if pagerduty_session is None:
+            pagerduty_session = pdpyras.EventsAPISession(config.pagerduty)
+            hostname = socket.gethostname()
+        sev = 'error' if log_level >= logging.ERROR else 'warning'
+        pagerduty_session.trigger(title, hostname, severity=sev, custom_details={'message': message}, dedup_key=dedup_key)
+    except Exception:
+        log.warning('Could not notify PagerDuty!', exc_info=True)
+
+
+class AlertHandler(logging.Handler):
+
+    def __init__(self, level=logging.NOTSET):
+        super().__init__(level)
+        self.paused = False
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        if not self.paused:
+            msg = self.format(record)
+            if msg is not None and type(msg) is str:
+                msg = msg.strip()
+                msg_last_line = msg.split('\n')[-1]
+                if msg_last_line:
+                    msg_last_line = ':  ' + msg_last_line[:100]
+            else:
+                msg_last_line = ''
+            self.paused = True
+            try:
+                alert(record.levelname + msg_last_line, msg, log_level=record.levelno, do_log=False)
+            finally:
+                self.paused = False
+
+
+def init_alerts():
+    if config.pagerduty:
+        logging.getLogger('dexorder').addHandler(AlertHandler(logging.WARNING))
+
diff --git a/src/dexorder/base/orderlib.py b/src/dexorder/base/orderlib.py
index 112c1a8..1c55d96 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/base/orderlib.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/base/orderlib.py
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ class SwapOrderStatus(SwapStatus):
         self.order = order
 
     @staticmethod
-    def load(obj):
+    def load(obj, *, Class=None):
+        if Class is None:
+            Class = SwapOrderStatus
         order = SwapOrder.load(obj[0])
         fillFeeHalfBps = int(obj[1])
         state = SwapOrderState(obj[2])
@@ -117,11 +119,13 @@ class SwapOrderStatus(SwapStatus):
         trancheFilledIn = [int(f) for f in obj[8]]
         trancheFilledOut = [int(f) for f in obj[9]]
         trancheActivationTime = [int(f) for f in obj[10]]
-        return SwapOrderStatus(order, fillFeeHalfBps, state, startTime, startPrice, ocoGroup,
-                               filledIn, filledOut, trancheFilledIn, trancheFilledOut, trancheActivationTime)
+        return Class(order, fillFeeHalfBps, state, startTime, startPrice, ocoGroup,
+                     filledIn, filledOut, trancheFilledIn, trancheFilledOut, trancheActivationTime)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def load_from_chain(obj):
+    def load_from_chain(obj, *, Class=None):
+        if Class is None:
+            Class = SwapOrderStatus
         # 0  SwapOrder order;
         # 1  int fillFeeHalfBps
         # 2  bool canceled;
@@ -144,8 +148,8 @@ class SwapOrderStatus(SwapStatus):
         trancheFilledIn = [0 for _ in range(len(obj[7]))]
         trancheFilledOut = [0 for _ in range(len(obj[7]))]
         trancheActivationTime = [int(i) for i in obj[8]]
-        return SwapOrderStatus(order, fillFeeHalfBps, state, startTime, startPrice, ocoGroup,
-                               filledIn, filledOut, trancheFilledIn, trancheFilledOut, trancheActivationTime)
+        return Class(order, fillFeeHalfBps, state, startTime, startPrice, ocoGroup,
+                     filledIn, filledOut, trancheFilledIn, trancheFilledOut, trancheActivationTime)
 
     def dump(self):
         return (
@@ -158,6 +162,36 @@ class SwapOrderStatus(SwapStatus):
     def copy(self):
         return copy.deepcopy(self)
 
+
+@dataclass
+class ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus (SwapOrderStatus):
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_from_tx(tx_id: bytes, obj):
+        # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+        status: ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus = SwapOrderStatus.load_from_chain(obj, Class=ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus)
+        status.tx_id = tx_id
+        return status
+
+    # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
+    @staticmethod
+    def load(obj):
+        tx_id, *swaporder_args = obj
+        result = SwapOrderStatus.load(obj[1:], Class=ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus)
+        result.tx_id = tx_id
+        return result
+
+    # noinspection PyMissingConstructor
+    def __init__(self, order: SwapOrder, *swapstatus_args, tx_id=b''):
+        super().__init__(order, *swapstatus_args)
+        self.tx_id: bytes = tx_id
+
+    def dump(self):
+        return self.tx_id, *super().dump()
+
+    def copy(self):
+        return super().copy()
+
+
 NO_OCO = 18446744073709551615 # max uint64
 
 
@@ -239,7 +273,8 @@ class Tranche:
     def __str__(self):
         msg = f'{self.fraction/MAX_FRACTION:.1%} {"start+" if self.startTimeIsRelative else ""}{self.startTime} to {"start+" if self.startTimeIsRelative else ""}{self.endTime}'
         if self.marketOrder:
-            msg += ' market order'
+            # for marketOrders, minIntercept is the slippage
+            msg += f' market order slippage {self.minIntercept:.2%}'
         else:
             if self.minIntercept or self.minSlope:
                 msg += f' >{self.minIntercept:.5g}'
diff --git a/src/dexorder/bin/dice_seed.py b/src/dexorder/bin/dice_seed.py
index 379af44..4471436 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/bin/dice_seed.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/bin/dice_seed.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # This script generates a BIP-39 24-word key from physical dice rolls (1-6)
 #
 
-KEY_LENGTH=128  # use this to select the size of your seed: 128 (12-word), 160, 192, 224, 256 (24-word)
+KEY_LENGTH=256  # use this to select the size of your seed: 128 (12-word), 160, 192, 224, 256 (24-word)
 
 from bip_utils import Bip39MnemonicEncoder
 from bitarray import bitarray
diff --git a/src/dexorder/bin/executable.py b/src/dexorder/bin/executable.py
index 5d3bd4f..e7a982c 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/bin/executable.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/bin/executable.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import Coroutine
 import sys
 
 from dexorder import configuration
+from dexorder.alert import init_alerts
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     raise Exception('this file is meant to be imported not executed')
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ def execute(main:Coroutine, shutdown=None, *, parse_logging=True, parse_args=Tru
         log.info('Logging configured to default')
     if parse_args:
         configuration.parse_args()
+    init_alerts()
 
     # loop setup
     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
diff --git a/src/dexorder/bin/main.py b/src/dexorder/bin/main.py
index a8312e9..fb5ef2b 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/bin/main.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/bin/main.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async def main():
     db.connect()
     if db:
         db_state = DbState(BlockData.by_opt('db'))
-        with db.session:
+        with db.transaction():
             state = await db_state.load()
             if state is None:
                 log.info('no state in database')
diff --git a/src/dexorder/configuration/schema.py b/src/dexorder/configuration/schema.py
index 1fed0e6..6f85ac4 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/configuration/schema.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/configuration/schema.py
@@ -38,3 +38,5 @@ class Config:
     mirror_source_rpc_url: Optional[str] = None  # source RPC for original pools
     mirror_pools: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
     mirror_env: Optional[str] = None
+
+    pagerduty: Optional[str] = None
diff --git a/src/dexorder/database/__init__.py b/src/dexorder/database/__init__.py
index 958c417..6b114f5 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/database/__init__.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/database/__init__.py
@@ -77,13 +77,15 @@ class Db:
 
     @staticmethod
     def make_session(**kwargs) -> Session:
+        # if _session.get(None) is not None:
+        #     log.warning('Creating new session when old one isn\'t closed', stack_info=True)
         engine = _engine.get()
         if engine is None:
             raise RuntimeError('Cannot create session: no database engine set. Use dexorder.db.connect() first')
         kwargs.setdefault('expire_on_commit', False)
         s = Session(engine, **kwargs)
         _session.set(s)
-        # log.debug('created new DB session')
+        # log.debug(f'Created new DB session {s}', stack_info=True)
         return s
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ class Db:
         s = _session.get()
         if s is not None:
             s.close()
+        # log.debug(f'Closing DB session {s}')
         # noinspection PyTypeChecker
         _session.set(None)
 
diff --git a/src/dexorder/database/model/token.py b/src/dexorder/database/model/token.py
index 48c503f..762d57a 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/database/model/token.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/database/model/token.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Token (Base):
     name: Mapped[str]
     symbol: Mapped[str]
     decimals: Mapped[Uint8]
-    approved: Mapped[bool]
+    approved: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(index=True)
 
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/src/dexorder/event_handler.py b/src/dexorder/event_handler.py
index 77c2b27..ff636f6 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/event_handler.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/event_handler.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ async def handle_order_placed(event: EventData):
                 contract = VaultContract(addr)
             obj = await contract.swapOrderStatus(index)
             log.debug(f'raw order status {obj}')
-            order = Order.create(addr, index, obj)
+            order = Order.create(addr, index, event['transactionHash'], obj)
             await activate_order(order)
             log.debug(f'new order {order} {order.order}')
 
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ def handle_swap_filled(event: EventData):
     tranche_index = args['trancheIndex']
     amount_in = args['amountIn']
     amount_out = args['amountOut']
+    fill_fee = args['fillFee']
     next_execution_time = args['nextExecutionTime']
     try:
         order: Order = Order.of(vault, order_index)
@@ -304,14 +305,19 @@ def finish_execution_request(req: TrancheExecutionRequest, error: str):
         log.debug(f'execution request for tranche {tk} had error "{error}"')
     if error == '':
         log.debug(f'execution request for tranche {tk} was successful!')
-    elif error in ('IIA', 'STF'): # todo not STF
+    elif error == 'IIA':
         # Insufficient Input Amount or Safe Transfer Failure: suspend execution until new funds are sent
         # todo vault balance checks
         token = order.order.tokenIn
         log.debug(f'insufficient funds {req.vault} {token} ')
+    elif error == 'SPL':
+        # Square-root price limit from Uniswap means we asked for a limit price that isn't met. This is a fault of
+        # vault logic if it happens.
+        log.warning(f'SPL when executing tranche {tk}')
+        close_order_and_disable_triggers(order, SwapOrderState.Error)
     elif error == 'NO':
         # order is not open
-        log.error(f'order {OrderKey(tk.vault,tk.order_index)} was closed, undetected!')
+        log.warning(f'order {OrderKey(tk.vault,tk.order_index)} was closed, undetected!')
         close_order_and_disable_triggers(order, SwapOrderState.Error)
     elif error == 'TF':
         # Tranche Filled
@@ -329,6 +335,7 @@ def finish_execution_request(req: TrancheExecutionRequest, error: str):
         log.debug('warning: de minimis liquidity in pool')
         # todo dont keep trying
     else:
+        # todo slash and backoff
         log.error(f'Unhandled execution error for transaction request {req} ERROR: "{error}"')
 
 
diff --git a/src/dexorder/order/orderstate.py b/src/dexorder/order/orderstate.py
index e8c1551..b03e4e0 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/order/orderstate.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/order/orderstate.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import overload
 from dexorder import DELETE, db, order_log
 from dexorder.base.chain import current_chain
 from dexorder.base.order import OrderKey, TrancheKey
-from dexorder.base.orderlib import SwapOrderStatus, SwapOrderState
+from dexorder.base.orderlib import SwapOrderStatus, SwapOrderState, ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus
 from dexorder.blockstate import BlockDict, BlockSet
 from dexorder.database.model.orderindex import OrderIndex
 from dexorder.routing import pool_address
@@ -67,16 +67,19 @@ class Order:
     @staticmethod
     def of(a, b=None) -> 'Order':
         key = (OrderKey(a.vault, a.order_index) if type(a) is TrancheKey else a) if b is None else OrderKey(a, b)
-        return Order.instances[key]
+        try:
+            return Order.instances[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return Order(key)
 
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create(vault: str, order_index: int, obj):
+    def create(vault: str, order_index: int, tx_id: bytes, obj):
         """ use when a brand new order is detected by the system """
         key = OrderKey(vault, order_index)
         if key in Order.instances:
             raise ValueError
-        status = SwapOrderStatus.load_from_chain(obj)
+        status = ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus.load_from_tx(tx_id, obj)
         Order.order_statuses[key] = status.copy() # always copy the struct when setting. values in BlockData must be immutable
         order = Order(key)
         if order.is_open:
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ class Order:
     order_statuses: BlockDict[OrderKey, SwapOrderStatus] = BlockDict(
         'o', db='lazy', redis=True, pub=pub_order_status, finalize_cb=save_order_index,
         str2key=OrderKey.str2key, value2str=lambda v: json.dumps(v.dump()),
-        str2value=lambda s:SwapOrderStatus.load(json.loads(s)),
+        str2value=lambda s:ElaboratedSwapOrderStatus.load(json.loads(s)),
     )
 
     # open orders = the set of unfilled, not-canceled orders
diff --git a/src/dexorder/order/triggers.py b/src/dexorder/order/triggers.py
index 4e8526f..4ba508c 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/order/triggers.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/order/triggers.py
@@ -134,11 +134,7 @@ class TrancheTrigger:
         if self.closed:
             log.debug(f'price trigger ignored because trigger status is {self.status}')
             return
-        if now >= self.time_constraint[1]:
-            order_log.debug(f'tranche expired {self.tk}')
-            self.status = TrancheStatus.Expired
-            self.disable()
-        elif self.status == TrancheStatus.Early and now >= self.time_constraint[0]:
+        if not self.check_expired(now) and self.status == TrancheStatus.Early and now >= self.time_constraint[0]:
             order_log.debug(f'tranche time enabled {self.tk}')
             self.status = TrancheStatus.Pricing
             self.enable_price_trigger()
@@ -193,6 +189,17 @@ class TrancheTrigger:
             order_log.debug(f'tranche part-filled {self.tk} in:{_amount_in} out:{_amount_out} remaining:{remaining}')
         return filled
 
+    def check_expired(self, now):
+        expired = now >= self.time_constraint[1]
+        if expired:
+            self.expire()
+        return expired
+
+    def expire(self):
+        order_log.debug(f'tranche expired {self.tk}')
+        self.status = TrancheStatus.Expired
+        self.disable()
+
     def disable(self):
         try:
             del active_tranches[self.tk]
@@ -244,6 +251,10 @@ class OrderTriggers:
         if self.triggers[tranche_index].fill(amount_in, amount_out):
             self.check_complete()
 
+    def expire_tranche(self, tranche_index):
+        self.triggers[tranche_index].expire()
+        self.check_complete()
+
 
 def close_order_and_disable_triggers(order: Order, final_state: SwapOrderState):
     order.complete(final_state)
diff --git a/src/dexorder/runner.py b/src/dexorder/runner.py
index 0017569..87d46c9 100644
--- a/src/dexorder/runner.py
+++ b/src/dexorder/runner.py
@@ -253,9 +253,10 @@ class BlockStateRunner(BlockProgressor):
         w3 = current_w3.get()
         current_blockstate.set(self.state)
         current_fork.set(fork)
-        session = None
         batches = []
         pubs = []
+        session = db.make_session(autocommit=False)
+        session.begin()
         try:
             branch = fork.branch
             if branch.disjoint:
@@ -289,8 +290,6 @@ class BlockStateRunner(BlockProgressor):
                 batches.append((None, callback, None, None))
 
             # set up for callbacks
-            session = db.make_session(autocommit=False)
-            session.begin()
             current_pub.set(lambda room, evnt, *args: pubs.append((room, evnt, args))) # used by handle_vault_created
             if not self.state_initialized:
                 await self.do_state_init_cbs()
@@ -337,16 +336,12 @@ class BlockStateRunner(BlockProgressor):
                 db.session.commit()
 
             # manage transactions in a separate database session
-            # todo separate out the transaction manager completely from runner
+            # noinspection PyBroadException
             try:
-                await create_and_send_transactions()
-            except BaseException:
-                db.session.rollback()
-                raise
-            else:
-                db.session.commit()
-            finally:
-                db.close_session()
+                with db.transaction():
+                    await create_and_send_transactions()
+            except Exception:
+                log.exception('Exception in transaction manager')
 
             # publish messages
             if pubs and self.publish_all:
@@ -372,7 +367,7 @@ class BlockStateRunner(BlockProgressor):
         else:
             session.commit()
         finally:
-            session.close()
+            db.close_session()
 
 
     async def do_state_init_cbs(self):